Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a spectrum of neoplastic conditions derived from the placenta. Hydatidiform moles, gestational choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) are histologic…

In 1893, William Bradley Coley reported the case of a German immigrant with a neck sarcoma that was deemed inoperable and yet disappeared after an erysipelas infection ). Coley hypothesized…

Key points 1. Conservative management of early-stage cervical cancer in young women should be considered if childbearing is important to that patient. 2. In many developing countries, cervical cancer is…

Key points 1. Women who present with a breast mass require triple assessment , which comprises physical examination, breast imaging with mammography and ultrasound, and pathologic or cytologic evaluation. Discordant…

Key points 1. Invasive vulvar cancer is a relatively rare tumor, accounting for 4% of all female genital malignant neoplasms. 2. Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva develops by human…

Introduction The endometrium is a dynamic tissue in reproductive age women. It is continuously cycling in response to hormonal, stromal, and vascular influences, with the ultimate goal of implanting an…

Key points 1. Vaccination for human papilloma virus (HPV) should decrease the incidence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) of the vulva and vagina. 2. Lichen sclerosus is associated with…

Key points 1. Persistent expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) is required for progression to cancer. 2. HPV vaccination has the potential to eradicate cervical cancer. 3. Screening guidelines have changed…