Obesity and Aging in Late-Onset Hypogonadism
Fig. 17.1 Relationship between age and hormones. This figure shows mean hormone values at 5-year age bands with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) in 3220 European men. Mean hormone values with…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and the Metabolic Syndrome
Ref. n BMI (kg/m2) Testosterone ng/dL (nmol/L) SHBG nmo/L MetS HOMA-IR Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post [148] 22 46.2 ± 0.9 −16.6% 340 ± 21 636 ± 186 +21.6 [149] 33 50.3 ± 6.1 31.5 ± 4.7 248 ± 91…
Androgen Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men
Fig. 18.1 Who should be treated with androgen replacement therapy? Variations in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) gene polymorphisms and SHBG levels directly affect T levels (see Chap. 15). In genome-wide association…
Environmental Causes of Testicular Dysfunction
Fig. 14.1 Main environmental and lifestyle factors affecting testicular development and/or function in adulthood Seasonal Effects on Testicular Function Though humans are considered to be non-seasonal mammals, we are undoubtedly sensitive…
Stimulation of Spermatogenesis in Hypogonadotropic Men
Drug Trade name Application Dose Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Brevactid®a Pregnylb Novarelb s.c. or i.m. 1000–2500 IU twice weekly (on Mondays and Fridays) Recombinant FSH (rFSH) Gonal F®a, Puregon®a Follistimb s.c….
Male Hypogonadism Due to Cancer and Cancer Treatments
Fig. 12.1 Effect of cytotoxic therapies on the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis in children and adults. Differences in hormonal profile, cellular composition and cellular maturity can result in differential effects of cancer treatment…
Normal and Delayed Puberty
Fig. 4.1 Tanner staging of puberty onset in boys from Palmer and Dunkel [4]. Copyright © (2012) Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission Table 4.1 Details of the Tanner stages of puberty…
Human Spermatogenesis and Its Regulation
Fig. 3.1 Structure and cellular composition of the seminiferous epithelium in the human testis. The seminiferous epithelium, as seen in this schematic drawing of a cross section of a seminiferous tubule,…
Male Hypogonadism Resulting from Mutations in the Genes for the Gonadotropin Subunits and Their Receptors
Fig. 6.1 Schematic presentation of sizes, locations of the carbohydrate side chains, and currently known mutations (red arrows) and functionally significant polymorphisms (green arrows) in the gonadotropin subunits, i.e., CGA, LHB,…
Klinefelter Syndrome and Other Forms of Primary Testicular Failure
Sex chromosomes Responsible cell division X-linked loci Frequency (%) XMXPY Paternal meiosis Identical to father 53 XM1XM2Y Maternal meiosis I Identical to mother 34 XM1XM1Y Maternal meiosis II Single maternal…
