The Normal Thyroid
The Normal Thyroid The normal adult thyroid gland weighs 16 to 25 g and is composed of two lateral lobes and an isthmus (Fig. 2.1). Because it derives from an…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Introduction
Introduction The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland in the anterior inferior neck. It is readily palpable and even visible in the slender patient. It is a source of common…
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC)
1. Nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory 2. Benign 3. Atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) 4. Follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (including oncocytic lesions) 5. Suspicious for malignancy 6. Malignant In the years…
Ultrasound of the Thyroid and Soft Tissues of the Neck
Fig. 3.1 The diagnostic algorithm for a thyroid nodule Initial Approach to the Patient Suspected of Having a Nodule The discovery of a thyroid nodule over 1 cm should prompt…
Thyroid Nodule Biopsy
Nodule features on ultrasound Recommended FNA based on nodule size High and intermediate suspicion for malignancy ≥1 cm Low suspicion for malignancy ≥1.5 cm Very low suspicion for malignancy ≥2…
The Perioperative Management of the Voice and Serum Calcium Levels
Fig. 19.1 Anatomy of the larynx (Permission granted from Operative techniques in Laryngology by Clark A. Rosen and C. Blake Simpson. Published by Springer. See enclosed permission) Knowledge of the…
External Beam Radiation for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
First author and publication date Recurrence-free rate after surgery ± RAI and EBRT (%) Recurrence-free rate after surgery ± RAI(%) Tubiana (1985) [12] 86 79 Farahati (1996) [13] 90 50…
Locally Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Fig. 25.1 (a) Five ring tracheal resection for Stage IV tracheal invasion in which well differentiated thyroid cancer extended through the entire thickness of the trachea wall. (b) Mobilization of…
The Clinically Detected and Palpable Thyroid Nodule
Syndrome Rate of thyroid cancer Associated conditions Pattern of inheritance and mutations Gardner’s syndrome (FAP) 2–12 % with PTC [15] with mean age at diagnosis of 28 years Gastrointestinal polyps…
Follicular and Hürthle Cell Carcinoma
Fig. 24.1 A high-resolution ultrasonography images of (1) follicular adenoma (a–c), (2) Hürthle cell adenoma (d–f), (3) follicular thyroid carcinoma (g–i), and (4) Hürthle cell carcinoma (j–l) Hürthle cell neoplasms…
