Keypoints Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors which adversely affect β-cell function and tissue insulin sensitivity. About 10%…
Keypoints Insulin is a potent anabolic hormone essential for life. Insulin has a circulating concentration of 15–20 mU/L in the fasting state, and 60–80 mU/L post-prandially. Early insulins were extracted…
Keypoints The interactions between diabetes and psychiatric disorders are complex: physical illness raises the risk of psychiatric disorder, but mental illness and its treatment also impact on the risks and…
Keypoints Diabetes is associated with an increased overall risk of infections. The presence of diabetes also modifies the course of many infections and increases morbidity and mortality. Multiple disturbances in…
Keypoints Regulation of fuel homeostasis in mammals is dependent on numerous small endocrine organs known as islets of Langerhans, which are located in the pancreas. Islets contain β-cells which are…
Keypoints Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a multifactorial heterogeneous disease with a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors influencing intermediate traits such as β-cell mass and development, insulin secretion…
Keypoints Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes with severe hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia unawareness and/or glycemic lability. Successful islet transplantation can lead to insulin independence, but…
Keypoints Insulin resistance both precedes and predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The insulin resistance preceding T2DM is commonly referred to as the metabolic syndrome. Development of T2DM (i.e. overt…
Keypoints The majority of people with diabetes without complications or co-morbidities can be well managed within the community; however, people with more complicated disease warrant referral to specialists. How to…
