Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms
General Overview and Incidence Precursor lymphoid neoplasms or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common leukemia affecting adults with about 1.6 per 100,000 and 6500 cases per year…
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
General Overview Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) represent a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms characterized by abnormal differentiation and maturation of myeloid cells, ineffective hematopoiesis, and increased risk of transformation to acute…
Hodgkin Lymphoma
General Overview and Incidence • Definition of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): lymphoid neoplasm affecting lymph nodes; paucity of neoplastic cells with rich inflammatory background • Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) 90% to…
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
A Brief Overview of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is understood to be the product of genetic and epigenetic changes within a multipotent myeloid stem/progenitor cell that generate…
Mast Cell and Non-Myeloproliferative Myeloid Neoplasms
General Overview and Incidence Mastocytosis is no longer under the broad category of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease of clonal neoplastic proliferation and expansions of mast cells…
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
General Overview Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by abnormal chronic proliferation of cells belonging to myeloid lineages that are often associated with elevated blood counts, splenomegaly,…
Hypochromic and Hemolytic Anemias
Introduction This chapter reviews two separate and partially overlapping types of anemia: hypochromic anemias, resulting from a decreased amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells, and hemolytic anemias, resulting from…
Megaloblastic Anemia
In the workup of patients with suspected megaloblastic anemia, clinical findings, the complete blood count (CBC) with manual differential, and additional diagnostic studies are critical for narrowing the differential diagnosis…
Growth Factors
Hematopoietic Cytokines and Growth Factors Hematopoietic homeostasis is tightly controlled by a group of hematopoietic cytokines ( Fig. 2.1 ). Each cytokine performs unique and/or multiple actions mediated by receptors…
Normal Hematopoiesis and Blood Cell Maturation
Hematopoietic Development Hematopoiesis is the process by which the various cellular components of the blood are formed. The short-term need for these components can be highly variable, but evidence has…
