Endocrine Diseases of Pregnancy
Abstract Physiological and endocrine adaptations occur in the mother in response to the demands of pregnancy. These demands include support of the fetus (volume support, nutritional and oxygen supply, and…
Fertility Preservation
Abstract Cancer patients are surviving their disease in increasing numbers, and options to preserve their reproductive health exist for both males and females. Coupling the need of cancer patients with…
Medical Approaches to Ovarian Stimulation for Infertility
Abstract Ovarian stimulation is an integral part of many different infertility treatments. Since the 1970s, ovarian stimulation has been applied in ovulatory women diagnosed with unexplained infertility aiming to increase…
Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Alterations of the Neuroendocrine Components of the Reproductive Axis
Abstract The neurohormonal control of reproduction involves a network of central and peripheral signals in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) system plays a crucial part in this axis….
Contraception
Abstract Contraception refers to the deliberate use of methods or techniques to prevent pregnancy. Modern contraceptives include hormonal and no hormonal methods available in a variety of delivery systems. This…
Male Infertility
Abstract Male factor contributes up to 50% of all infertility cases, making the proper evaluation and management of male infertility a critical part of the care of the infertile couple….
Female Infertility
Abstract Infertility affects approximately 13% of women and 10% of men. The major causes of female infertility are anovulation, fallopian tube disease, pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility. Initial treatment…
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenic States
Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women. Major clinical manifestations include hirsutism and irregular menstrual bleeding as a result of altered hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian interaction. Metabolic dysfunction…
Hormone-Responsive Cancers
Abstract This chapter is an overview on breast cancer, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancers, with an emphasis on hormone-related components. We review the epidemiology of these cancers, focusing on the…
Endocrine Disturbances Affecting Reproduction
Abstract The reproductive axis, particularly in women, is vulnerable to disruption from environmental influences and illness. Endocrine disorders not involving the gonads strongly influence reproductive function. Diseases of the pituitary,…
