Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy
Study Patient population Treatment Results NATO (N = 605) [64] Nodal positive, premenopausal; nodal positive or negative, postmenopausal T × 2 years (N = 300) vs. No treatment (N = 305) Better PFS and OS with T…
The Role of Surgery to the Primary Cancer in Stage IV Disease
Fig. 55.1 Forest plot of meta-analysis by Petrelli and Barni, including 15 retrospective studies that examined the association between primary site local therapy and survival in de novo stage IV…
Local Therapies for Liver Metastases from Breast Cancer
Fig. 52.1 a Contrast CT demonstrating solitary liver lesion in the right hemi-liver detected on routine CT scan 4 years after lumpectomy for breast cancer. b Positron emission topography scan of…
Immediate Reconstruction: General and Oncological Considerations
Fig. 27.1 Right nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction with latissimus dorsi and implant with post-operative radiotherapy – capsular contracture Fig. 27.2 Right immediate TRAM flap reconstruction with post-operative radiotherapy According to the current…
Hereditary Breast Cancer Genetics and Risk Prediction Techniques
Variant class Pathogenicity 1 Pathogenic 2 Likely pathogenic 3 Uncertain significance 4 Likely benign 5 Benign Mutations may be described as either constitutional or somatic. Constitutional mutations are also known…
Primary Systemic Therapy for Breast Cancer
Pro Contra In vivo sensitivity testing Fear of patients to leave the tumour in place Strong prognostic value of pCR Discrepancy in grading for core biopsy and definite specimen: risk…
Axillary Node Clearance
Fig. 24.1 Algorithm summarizing standard axillary management 24.2.2 Preoperatively Detected Axillary Metastases A direct AC without SLNB remains the standard of care in clinically node-positive breast cancer patients, with preoperatively detected…
Surgery to the Breast: Mastectomy
Mastectomy Removal of the totality of the glandular breast tissue (as opposed to breast-conserving surgery) Radical mastectomy (Halsted) Removal of the totality of the glandular breast tissue, overlying skin, nipple-areola…
Nursing Issues and the Role of the Specialist Nurse in Breast Care
Fig. 61.1 The Cassandra data set (Reproduced from Ref. 14 with permission from Prof Alison Leary FRCN) The clinical domains of a CNS can be seen in detail in ◘ Table…
Breast Cancer Survivorship: Psychological Distress, Body Image, Sexuality and Importance of the Clinical Consultation
Fig. 59.1 Four-category model of attachment Each mental model varies from positive (trust in others: confidence in self) to negative (distrust of others: anxiety about self) and shapes individuals’ expectations…
