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T-stage N M Year T1 T2 T3 T4 1987 [8] ≤2.5 cm >2.5 cm T3a: perinephric or adrenal extension T3b: renal vein involvement T3c: vena cava below diaphragm Beyond…
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Author, year Treatment Number of patients 5-year survival Significant difference Van der Werf-Messing et al. 1981 [12] RT + N 89 50 % No N 85 Juusela et al. 1977…
Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Established risk factors Risk factors that need further study Cigarette smoking Dietary factors: Fruit and vegetables Alcohol Obesity Reproductive factors and other hormones: Oral contraceptive pills Parity Hypertension Occupational exposures:…
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Fig 4.1 Biomarker-relevant biologic pathways in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In VHL-/- tumor cells, the absence of pVHL results in the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-α). HIF accumulation could…
Genetic Heterogeneity of Kidney Cancer
© Springer International Publishing 2015Primo N. Lara and Eric Jonasch (eds.)Kidney Cancer10.1007/978-3-319-17903-2_5 5. Genetic Heterogeneity of Kidney Cancer David Sun1 , Eric Jonasch3 and Primo N. LaraJr.2 (1) Deapartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive…
Rapid Review of Breast Cancer Treatment Side Effects and Dietary Supplement/Integrative Options from A to Z: What Helps, Harms, or Does Nothing?
(1) Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (2) Jenkins/Pokempner Director of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center (Dept of Urology), Ann…
Introduction
(1) Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (2) Jenkins/Pokempner Director of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center (Dept of Urology), Ann…
25+ Observations Over 25+ Years for Surviving and Thriving in the Dietary Supplement Quality Control and/or Perception Versus Reality World
(1) Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (2) Jenkins/Pokempner Director of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center (Dept of Urology), Ann…
Supplements/Diet/Other Integrative Method Vernacular and Controversies from A to Z: What is the Latest or Greatest, or Not So Great?!
(1) Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (2) Jenkins/Pokempner Director of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center (Dept of Urology), Ann…
The Ideal 7-Step Breast Cancer Diet, Lifestyle, and Dietary Supplements Program for Prevention/Recurrence: Heart Healthy = Breast Healthy!
(1) Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (2) Jenkins/Pokempner Director of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center (Dept of Urology), Ann…
