Infection and Human Cancer: An Overview
Virus World Less developed More developed HPV 600,000 520,000 80,000 HBV 380,000 330,000 44,000 HCV 220,000 190,000 37,000 EBV 110,000 96,000 16,000 KSHV 43,000 39,000 4,000 HTLV 2,100 660 1,500…
Infection, Inflammation and Prevention of Cancer
Fig. 1 The figure illustrates different stages of the development of inflammation-associated cancer, the corresponding host’s immune defense mechanisms involved in tumor prevention and applicable interventions to prevent or treat cancer…
Genetics of glioma
Figure 1.1 Distribution of gliomas based on histologic subtype in the USA. Glioblastoma multiforme accounts for the majority of gliomas (54.5%). Astrocytomas of all grades, including glioblastoma multiforme, account for…
Neuroradiology of gliomas
Figure 6.1 Diffuse astrocytoma. (a) Axial FLAIR image shows an infiltrative mass with poorly defined margins spreading across the corpus callosum. (b) Axial postcontrast T1-weighted image shows no enhancement. Figure…
Immunotherapy for gliomas
Figure 5.1 Mechanisms of glioma-media immunosuppression. Glioma cells produce immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin-10 [IL-10] and tumor growth factor-beta [TGF-β]) that downregulate the antitumor activity of T cells and natural killer (NK)…
Neuropathology of gliomas
Figure 7.1 (a) Diffuse astrocytomas are infiltrative tumors with fibrillar cytoplasm and mildly pleomorphic nuclei. (b) The cytoplasm of diffuse astrocytomas is generally immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, though cell borders…
Radiation therapy for gliomas
Figure 3.1 Sample patient immobilization and field set-up for whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) via opposed lateral fields. (a) Custom headholder with field shape outlined on mask; (b) multileaf collimator outline (dark…
Glioma surgery
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 2 Glioma surgery Kyle G. Halvorson and Allan H. Friedman Précis Definition of terms Extent of resection: estimated volume of remaining tumor tissue present on postoperative…
Chemotherapy for gliomas
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> 4 Chemotherapy for gliomas Annick Desjardins and Henry S. Friedman Précis Definition of terms Blood–brain barrier: highly selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from…
Design and statistical analysis of clinical trials for glioma therapy
Figure 8.1 Binomial, normal, and exponential curves. (a) The binomial distribution is the discrete probability distribution for the number of successes in a sequence of n independent success/failure experiments, each…
