Fig. 3.1 (a) Coronal PET image showing the right groin mass. (b) Axial PET imaging showing the right groin mass Case (2). The patient had a PET–CT scan ordered for…
Fig. 10.1 MCL involving the inferior bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye A careful history and physical examination was performed. The patient had an excellent performance status. He had no…
Fig. 8.1 Brain imaging in a 71-year-old woman with PCNSL. (a) Axial CT without contrast reveals a dominant mass in the left frontal lobe. (b) Axial T1 post-contrast image demonstrates…
Fig. 9.1 Patient setup in a frog leg for scrotal irradiation Fig. 9.2 Patient setup, skin rendering showing the in tomato colour the edge of the field, the position of…
Fig. 7.1 Locations of missense PAX8 mutations (secondary structure). Amino acid sequences of human PAX genes (PAX1 to PAX9) are shown. The sequences correspond to the paired domain, which consists…
Main causes Inheritable defects CPHDs Pituitary transcription factor defects LEPR or PROKR2 mutations Isolated CH TSHβ, TRHR or IGSF1 mutations Invasive or compressive lesions Craniopharyngiomas Pituitary macroadenomas Meningiomas or gliomas…
Fig. 19.1 Generation of functional thyroid follicles from pluripotent stem cells. (a) Schematic diagram of the thyroid follicle differentiation protocol from ESCs. (b) Expression of endogenous Nkx2-1 and Pax8, Foxe1,…
Thyroid-related causes Systemic causes Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Diabetes mellitus Iodine deficiency Celiac disease Overtreatment of Graves’ disease Chronic renal failure Transient neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia Syndromes (Turner, Down …) Variations in genes of…
Fig. 1.1 Early stage of mammalian development. Panel a: Schematic cross-section of a mammalian embryo after gastrulation. The position of three germ layers, ectoderm (brown), mesoderm (orange), and endoderm (green)…
Constitutional and environmental factors Clinical factors Female sex Antecedents of Graves’ disease Adolescent age Association with extra-thyroidal autoimmune diseases Familiarity for thyroid diseases Iodine status alterations Association with Turner syndrome…
