Paediatric Radiotherapy
Tumour stage/histology Radiotherapy (RT) dose and fields 1/FH and/2 FH No RT 3/FH, 1–3/FA 1–2/DA 1–3/CCSK 10.8 Gy flank RT Ascites (cytology +ve) 10.50 Gy whole abdomen RT (WART) Pre-op…
Cancer Registries and the Descriptive Epidemiology of Pediatric Cancer in Low-and Middle-Income Countries
Fig. 2.1 Lowest and highest age-standardized incidence rates for all childhood cancers, LMIC from Africa (Source: GLOBOCAN 2008). Fig. 2.2 Most frequent cancer types (%) among children 0-14 years in…
Pediatric Cancer Units and Optimization of Resources
Country Physical layout Human resources Financial support Collaborations Ethiopia (sub-Saharan Africa) (low-income economy) Dedicated ward in the pediatric unit of a general hospital, largest referral hospital in country for all…
Nephroblastoma
Fig. 24.1 Bilateral nephroblastoma in a 7 year old boy with pulmonary distress In 90 % of cases nephroblastoma is sporadic, but in 10 % of cases it is associated…
Neuroblastoma
Fig. 23.1 Clinical presentations of neuroblastoma. (a) Evidence of left-sided ptosis in a child with high-level thoracic tumor. This tumor frequently present with Horner’s syndrome (ptosis, miosis, and exophthalmos). (b)…
Nursing Care of Children with Cancer
and Julia Challinor6 (5) Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA (6) School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way #N-611Y, San Francisco,…
Oncologic Emergencies
Fig. 9.1 Mediastinal anatomy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediastinum Table 9.1 Some potential causes of mediastinal tumors in children Etiology Anterior mediastinal masses Middle mediastinal masses Posterior mediastinal masses Malignant Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Non-Hodgkin lymphomas…
Bone Tumors
Characteristic Osteosarcoma Ewing sarcoma Incidence (cases per 106 < 20 years old) 4.8 2.9 Age peak (years) 12–18 5–25 Cell of origin Osteoblast Primitive neuroectodermal cell Biology Alteration of tumor supresor genes…
Early Warning Signs of Cancer in Children/Models for Early Diagnosis
Condition Association Genetic abnormalities, including: Down syndrome Acute myeloblastic leukaemia Beckwith-Wiedemann Wilms tumour, hepatoblastoma Fanconi anaemia Acute myeloblastic leukaemia Immunodeficiency, including: All conditions (congenital and acquired) Lymphoma HIV Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,…
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Fig. 21.1 Distribution of primary sites of rhabdomyosarcoma and survival according to tumor location Different tumor sites may be associated to different RMS subtype: botryoid histology is seen commonly in…
