Glucagon Stimulation
Glucagon stim test Time C-peptide Basal (0 min) 5 min 10 min References 1. Maldonado M, Hampe CS, Gaur LK, et al. Ketosis-prone diabetes: dissection of a heterogeneous syndrome using an immunogenetic and β-cell…
Insulinomas
Adrenergic symptoms Palpitations (5 %) Diaphoresis (30 %) Anxiety (12 %) Tremors (12 %) Hyperphagia/obesity (44 %) Neuroglycopenic symptoms Visual changes/diplopia (42 %) Confusion/altered mental status (67 %) Amnesia (8…
Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Pathology Penetrance Endocrine Parathyroid > 95 % Enteropancreatic Gastrinoma 30–40 % Insulinoma 10 % Functional 2 % Nonfunctional 20 % Pituitary Prolactinoma 20 % Other functional 10 % Nonfunctional 5…
W. Thompson
Dr. Norman W. Thompson in one of his frequent teaching moments Dr. Norman W. Thompson (NWT) is one of the most beloved figures in endocrine surgery . His examples of…
Endocrine Neoplasia 2 Syndromes
Typical manifestations MEN 2 subtypes MEN 2A (%) MEN 2B (%) FMTC (%) Medullary thyroid cancer 100 100 95–100 Pheochromocytoma 50 50 – Primary hyperparathyroidism 15–30 – – Gangliotomosis of…
Management of Hyperparathyroidism
Fig. 1 Initial setup for parathyroidectomy—sublpatysmal plane having been developed, the skin edges are protected under edges of a surgical towel kept in place by a simple spring retractor The…
Oberndorfer
Sigfried Oberndorfer in 1936 in Istanbul When Sigfried was 9 years old, he probably did not think that he would discover a very specific type of malignant tumor, which even…
Addison
(1) Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, 55905 Rochester, MN, USA KeywordsPrimary adrenal failureAddison’s diseaseAdrenal glandsAdrenal cortexAutoimmune polyglandular failureCortisolSkin hyperpigmentation…
Fredrick Grant Banting
Fredrick Grant Banting. (Courtesy of Banting House National Historic Site of Canada) On August 27, 1923, the cover of Time magazine featured Dr. Fredrick Grant Banting , the man responsible…
