Overview of the Clinical Manifestations of Thyrotoxicosis* Henry B. Burch Introduction There are few endocrine syndromes with as dramatic and systemic a clinical presentation as that seen with overt thyrotoxicosis….
Thyrotoxicosis of Extrathyroid Origin Angela M. Leung Joshua D. Safer Extrathyroidal causes of thyrotoxicosis can be difficult to diagnose. The most common cause is exogenous thyroid hormone ingestion or exposure….
Sporadic Painless, Painful Subacute and Acute Infectious Thyroiditis Alan P. Farwell Introduction Thyroiditis comprises a diverse group of disorders that are among the most common endocrine abnormalities encountered in clinical…
Trophoblastic Tumors Jerome M. Hershman Thyrotoxicosis occurs in patients with trophoblastic tumors, which are either hydatidiform moles or choriocarcinomas. Since the first report of thyrotoxicosis in women with a hydatidiform…
Toxic Adenoma and Toxic Multinodular Goiter Ralf Paschke Toxic adenoma (TA) and toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) constitute the clinical presentations of thyroid autonomy, a condition where thyrocytes function and produce…
Thyrotropin-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Paolo Beck-Peccoz Luca Persani Thyrotoxicosis results much more frequently from auto-antibody stimulation or primary disorders of the thyroid than from excessive secretion of thyrotropin (TSH). However, with the…
Thyroid Dermopathy and Thyroid Acropachy Vahab Fatourechi Thyroid Dermopathy Thyroid dermopathy or localized myxedema is an uncommon manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease and is seen in particular in Graves’ disease….
Ophthalmopathy Petros Perros Jane Dickinson Ophthalmic abnormalities, better known as ophthalmopathy, are the principal extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves’ disease. The numerous synonyms for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (orbitopathy, thyroid eye disease) reflect…
Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease Terry F. Davies Introduction Robert Graves’ disease is a uniquely human autoimmune disease with stimulating autoantibodies to the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor as the major pathogenic feature….
Pathology and Cytopathology Zubair Wahid Baloch Virginia A. Livolsi Normal Thyroid The normal thyroid gland is a bilobed structure, connected by an isthmus. The thyroid capsule is thin, does not…
