T-Cell Leukaemia/Lymphoma (ATL)
Smouldering Chronic Lymphoma Acute Lymphocyte count (×103/L) <4 ≥4 <4 é % flower cells <5 % ≥5 % ≤1 % é LDH ≤1.5 N <2.5 N é é Ca2+…
Cholangiocarcinoma
Fig. 1 By incising Glisson’s capsule at the base of segment IV, the origin of the main hepatic duct, the bifurcation, and the left main hepatic duct are exposed. By…
and Mechanism of Carcinogenesis of the Retrovirus HIV
Fig. 1 Simplified life cycle of HIV. The viral envelope, gp120-gp41, attaches to CD4 and a chemokine coreceptor, usually CCR5, and then fuses with the cell membrane. The HIV RNA…
Carcinoma in Developing Countries
7. Wabinga H (2002) Comparison of immunohistochemical and modified Giemsa stains for demonstration of Helicobacter pylori infection in an African population. Afr Health Sci 2(2):52–55PubMedCentralPubMed 8. Mabula JB, McHembe MD,…
of the Oesophagus
T – tumour N – node M – metastases Tx Primary tumour cannot be assessed Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis T0 No evidence of…
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Entity Dysplasia Peripheral blasts Bone marrow blasts Ringed sideroblasts Cytogenetics 5q − syndrome Mostly DysE <1 % <5 % <15 % 5q − sole RA, RN,RT, RCUD DysE, N, T <1 % <5 %…
