Psychologic Factors and Diabetes
Keypoints Both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can affect the psychologic and neuropsychologic status of children and adults. In most instances, these effects are modest in…
Type 1 Diabetes
Keypoints The pathophysiologic mechanisms in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) involve loss of islet β-cell secretory function caused by selective killing of these cells primarily by aggressive autoimmune responses involving both…
Future Models of Diabetes Care
Keypoints Future diabetes care will continue to be delivered mainly in the primary care setting. Efforts must continue to bridge the gap between evidence-based recommendations and the current outcomes of…
Lifestyle Issues: Diet
Keypoints Lifestyle interventions to improve glucose, blood pressure and lipid levels, and to promote weight loss or at least to avoid weight gain remain the underlying strategy throughout the management…
Non-Insulin Parenteral Therapies
Keypoints Incretins are gut hormones that enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and have an important role in the regulation of post-prandial glucose levels. The major incretin hormones are glucagon-like peptide 1…
Drug Therapy: Special Considerations in Diabetes
Keypoints Many drugs interfere with glucose homeostasis or interact with antidiabetic agents and thus can disturb glycemic control in people with diabetes. Specific diabetic complications, such as nephropathy and neuropathy,…
Obesity and Diabetes
Keypoints Obesity is characterized by an excess of body fat mass and is defined by a body mass index equal to or greater than 30 kg/m2. Its prevalence has increased…
In-Hospital Treatment and Surgery in Patients with Diabetes
Keypoints The diabetes epidemic is not sparing hospital practice. Approximately 12–24% of all hospital inpatients have diabetes. A significant proportion of hospital inpatients with hyperglycemia have undiagnosed diabetes and stress…
Drug-Induced Diabetes
Keypoints Many commonly used drugs interfere with glucose homeostasis and can provoke hyperglycemia in subjects without diabetes or worsen glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Glucocorticoids act on post insulin-receptor…
