Local Excision: Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery and Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery
Fig. 4.1 TES (transanal endoscopic surgery) platforms . Rigid platforms include (a) TEM (transanal endoscopic microsurgery) (Richard Wolf Medical, Vernon Hills, IL, USA). (b) TEO (transanal endoscopic operation) (Karl Storz…