Evaluation of Patients for Metastasis Prior to Primary Therapy Polly Niravath C. Kent Osborne After the diagnosis of breast cancer is established, subsequent evaluation for metastatic disease prior to initiation…
Staging of Breast Cancer Jay R. Harris Staging refers to the grouping of patients according to the extent of their disease. Staging is useful in (a) estimating prognosis for an…
Genomics, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Interventions Lisa A. Carey Maggie Chon U Cheang Charles M. Perou CURRENT OVERVIEW The rapid advancement of high-information content technologies has resulted in the completion of…
HER2/ERBB2 Testing: Assessment of Status for Targeted Therapies Michael F. Press Yanling Ma Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2 or ERBB2) gene in human breast…
Clinical and Pathologic Prognostic and Predictive Factors Frederick L. Moffat Prognostic and predictive factors and biomarkers are critical to clinical decision-making in oncology. A 1991 NIH Consensus Conference (1) stipulated…
Pathology of Invasive Breast Cancer Deborah Dillon Anthony J. Guidi Stuart J. Schnitt Invasive breast cancers constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions that differ with regard to their clinical presentation,…
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing for Prognosis and Prediction Mitchell Dowsett William Miller BACKGROUND The major actions of steroid hormones are mediated through specific receptors that bind hormones with high…
Genomic Events in Breast Cancer Progression Rodrigo Goncalves Burcu Cakar Ron Bose Cynthia X. Ma Matthew J. Ellis INTRODUCTION Breast cancers are thought usually to develop from regions of cellular…
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Microinvasive Carcinoma Kimberly J. Van Zee Julia White Monica Morrow Jay R. Harris INTRODUCTION Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is…
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Other Intraductal Lesions: Pathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Alterations Adriana D. Corben Edi Brogi Intraductal proliferative lesions are epithelial proliferations confined to the mammary ductal-lobular system….
