CD1d-Restricted Natural Killer T Cells Albert Bendelac INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION Natural killer T (NKT) cells are cluster of differentiation (CD)1d-restricted T cells that use semi-invariant αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) and…
Natural Killer Cells Wayne M. Yokoyama INTRODUCTION Natural killer (NK) cells were initially described because they spontaneously kill certain tumor targets.1,2,3,4 However, they are now recognized to play important roles…
Dendritic Cells Kang Liu Michel C. Nussenzweig INTRODUCTION Immunology interfaces with medicine at many points, the most prominent being infectious diseases, cancer, transplantation, allergy, and autoimmunity. Antigen-specific immunity is critical…
The Innate Immune System Luke A. J. O’Neill INTRODUCTION Every organism has to contend with infection by microbes. Infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi threaten health and viability…
Peripheral T Lymphocyte Responses and Function Marc K. Jenkins INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on the processes by which conventional thymus-derived (T)-lymphocytes that express αβ T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) become activated…
T-Lymphocyte Developmental Biology Ellen V. Rothenberg Ameya Champhekar OVERVIEW OF T-CELL DEVELOPMENT Introduction T-cell development is a distinctive branch of hematopoiesis as well as a crucial input to immune system…
Mechanisms of T-Lymphocyte Signaling and Activation Takashi Saito INTRODUCTION The immune system protects us against attack by pathogens through two separate but interacting systems: innate immunity and acquired (or adaptive)…
T-Cell Antigen Receptors Mark M. Davis Yueh-Hsiu Chien T-lymphocytes expressing αβ or γδ T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) are found together with B-lymphocytes in all but the most primitive vertebrate animals….
B-Lymphocyte Responses Michael McHeyzer-Williams INTRODUCTION B-lymphocyte responses provide the effective and longlasting immune protection induced by most vaccines in use today. We measure antibody molecules as the circulating agent of…
B-Lymphocyte Receptors, Signaling Mechanisms, and Activation Akanksha Chaturvedi Angel Davey Wanli Liu Hae Won Sohn Susan K. Pierce INTRODUCTION The primary function of mature B lymphocytes in response to foreign…
