CRH test − 15 min 0 min (baseline) 15 min 30 min 45 min 60 min Cortisol ACTH References 1. Ishizuka B, Quigley ME, Yen SS. Pituitary hormone release in response to food ingestion: evidence for neuroendocrine…
Assay for Cortisol and ACTH: Chemiluminescence Assay (CLIA) . Assay for 11 DOC: LC-MS/MS. Precautions: Hypotension , nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort or cramping, and musculoskeletal pain in patients with adrenal…
Glucagon stim test Time C-peptide Basal (0 min) 5 min 10 min References 1. Maldonado M, Hampe CS, Gaur LK, et al. Ketosis-prone diabetes: dissection of a heterogeneous syndrome using an immunogenetic and β-cell…
Cortisol Aldosterone A/C A/C dominant A/C non-dominant A/C non dominant A/C AVC Right AV Left AV Low IVC References 1. Funder JW, Carey RM, Fardella C, et al. Case detection,…
Adrenergic symptoms Palpitations (5 %) Diaphoresis (30 %) Anxiety (12 %) Tremors (12 %) Hyperphagia/obesity (44 %) Neuroglycopenic symptoms Visual changes/diplopia (42 %) Confusion/altered mental status (67 %) Amnesia (8…
Pathology Penetrance Endocrine Parathyroid > 95 % Enteropancreatic Gastrinoma 30–40 % Insulinoma 10 % Functional 2 % Nonfunctional 20 % Pituitary Prolactinoma 20 % Other functional 10 % Nonfunctional 5…
Dr. Norman W. Thompson in one of his frequent teaching moments Dr. Norman W. Thompson (NWT) is one of the most beloved figures in endocrine surgery . His examples of…
Typical manifestations MEN 2 subtypes MEN 2A (%) MEN 2B (%) FMTC (%) Medullary thyroid cancer 100 100 95–100 Pheochromocytoma 50 50 – Primary hyperparathyroidism 15–30 – – Gangliotomosis of…
Fig. 1 Initial setup for parathyroidectomy—sublpatysmal plane having been developed, the skin edges are protected under edges of a surgical towel kept in place by a simple spring retractor The…
