Toxic Adenoma and Toxic Multinodular Goiter Ralf Paschke Toxic adenoma (TA) and toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) constitute the clinical presentations of thyroid autonomy, a condition where thyrocytes function and produce…
Thyrotropin-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Paolo Beck-Peccoz Luca Persani Thyrotoxicosis results much more frequently from auto-antibody stimulation or primary disorders of the thyroid than from excessive secretion of thyrotropin (TSH). However, with the…
Thyroid Dermopathy and Thyroid Acropachy Vahab Fatourechi Thyroid Dermopathy Thyroid dermopathy or localized myxedema is an uncommon manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease and is seen in particular in Graves’ disease….
Ophthalmopathy Petros Perros Jane Dickinson Ophthalmic abnormalities, better known as ophthalmopathy, are the principal extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves’ disease. The numerous synonyms for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (orbitopathy, thyroid eye disease) reflect…
Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease Terry F. Davies Introduction Robert Graves’ disease is a uniquely human autoimmune disease with stimulating autoantibodies to the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor as the major pathogenic feature….
Pathology and Cytopathology Zubair Wahid Baloch Virginia A. Livolsi Normal Thyroid The normal thyroid gland is a bilobed structure, connected by an isthmus. The thyroid capsule is thin, does not…
Introduction to Thyrotoxicosis Lewis E. Braverman David S. Cooper This chapter introduces the section on thyrotoxicosis, a common and important thyroid disorder. It has multiple causes, and its recognition and…
Physical Examination of the Thyroid Gland James V. Hennessey Traditionally, clinicians have correlated characteristic physical findings with historical clues to synthesize a diagnosis. Advancements in diagnostic techniques seem to have…
Nonisotopic Techniques of Thyroid Imaging Laszlo Hegedüs Finn Noe Bennedbaek Imaging has revolutionized the evaluation of patients with thyroid disease during the past three decades. However, it is important to…
Measurement of Thyroglobulin Carole Ann Spencer Introduction Thyroglobulin (Tg) is the large (660 kDa) dimeric glycoprotein that comprises 75% of the protein content of the thyroid gland and serves as…
