The Skeletal System in Hypothyroidism
The Skeletal System in Hypothyroidism Graham R. Williams Figure 42.1 Mechanism of thyroid hormone action. Entry of T4 and T3 into target cells is mediated by monocarboxylate transporters MCT8 and…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
The Male and Female Reproductive System in Hypothyroidism
The Male and Female Reproductive System in Hypothyroidism Gerasimos E. Krassas Nikolaos E. Pontikides Hypothyroidism affects the reproductive system in women more than in men. Clinicians have long recognized that…
The Cardiovascular System in Hypothyroidism
The Cardiovascular System in Hypothyroidism Irwin L. Klein Sara Danzi The changes in cardiovascular function that occur in patients with hypothyroidism are diametrically opposite to those of thyrotoxicosis (see Chapter…
Overview of the Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism
Overview of the Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism Michael T. McDermott Introduction Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland is unable to synthesize and secrete sufficient amounts of thyroid…
Central Hypothyroidism
Central Hypothyroidism Luca Persani Paolo Beck-Peccoz Introduction Central hypothyroidism (CH) is a rare disease characterized by a defect of thyroid hormone production due to an insufficient stimulation by thyrotropin (TSH)…
Primary Hypothyroidism Due to Other Causes
Primary Hypothyroidism Due to Other Causes Peter A. Singer Table 37.1 Other Causes of Primary Hypothyroidism Thyroid ablation Radioactive iodine therapy or surgery for Graves’ thyrotoxicosis Toxic nodular goiter Nontoxic nodular goiter External radiotherapy…
Genetic Defects Causing Hypothyroidism
Genetic Defects Causing Hypothyroidism Thomas Vulsma Jan J.M. De vijlder Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), a lack of thyroid hormone (TH) already present at birth, is a relatively common medical condition with…
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis Anthony P. Weetman Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the original paradigm for autoimmune diseases in general. Only foreign proteins were considered to be antigens until Witebsky and Rose…
Introduction to Hypothyroidism
Introduction to Hypothyroidism Lewis E. Braverman David S. Cooper Hypothyroidism is the most common clinical disorder of thyroid function. It is most often caused by a disorder of the thyroid…
Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis
Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis Douglas S. Ross The introduction of serum thyrotropin (TSH) measurements into clinical practice during the early 1970s provided the necessary tool for defining subclinical hypothyroidism, although it took…
