Adenoviruses In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the epidemiology of adenovirus infections and developing preventative and therapeutic strategies. However, adenovirus infections remain a clinical…
Epidemiology and risk factors The seasonality of respiratory virus infections among immunocompromised children is similar to that in the community ( Fig. 21.1 ). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) typically circulates…
Over the past several decades, three novel human herpesviruses (HHVs) have been identified and designated HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. HHV-6 has since been designated as two distinct species, HHV-6A and…
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) comprise the human α-herpesviruses, a subfamily of enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses defined in part by…
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human γ-herpesvirus that is associated with important syndromes in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised host. It is a ubiquitous virus, as it is found worldwide….
Viral infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children who have undergone either solid organ (SOT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as well as in children…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTB) is among the most successful respiratory pathogens worldwide as the majority of those infected are asymptomatic and will…
Bartonella Epidemiology and risk factors Bartonella species are fastidious, slow-growing, gram-negative bacilli. There are 45 different species that can cause disease in zoonotic hosts, with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana…
Common mechanisms of gram-negative resistance Gram-negative organisms are divided into the Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter cloacae ) and the glucose nonfermenting gram-negative organisms ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,…
Prevention of infections by direct contact Children are particularly prone to infections acquired by direct contact. Frequently, children engage in behaviors that place them at risk, such as placing their…
