54.1 Introduction Since the kidney is essential for regulation of mineral metabolism, bone disease is an inevitable consequence of renal damage. Treatment is challenging due to the complex physiology and…
81.1 Introduction Analysis of the iliac crest bone biopsy provides information on cellular behavior and the material properties of bone matrix that cannot be obtained by any other technique. For…
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and poor bone structure. Both increase bone fragility and are influenced by bone turnover. Bone turnover comprises formation of new bone…
40.1 Introduction Fuller Albright speculated that removal of the stress and strain on the skeleton would result in bone loss . Of the total noninstitutionalized population in the United States…
48.1 Scope of the problem Although osteoporosis is primarily considered an issue for postmenopausal women and men over age 65 years, physicians are increasingly confronted with low bone mass or…
45.1 Introduction More than 75 years ago, osteoporosis associated with endogenous glucocorticoid excess was described by Cushing . More common is the increased fracture risk associated with exogenous glucocorticoids, a…
74.1 Introduction and history Bisphosphonates are analogs of naturally occurring compounds, pyrophosphates (P–O–P). P–O–P are byproducts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism but have little or no biological activity in healthy…
31.1 Introduction Dobzhansky’s quote, “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” provides a unique framework for contemplating the origins and contemporary roles of bone remodeling. There…
Abbreviations AACE American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ALN alendronate ALP alkaline phosphatase ASBMR American Society for Bone and Mineral Research AFF atypical femoral fractures BMD bone mineral density BP bisphosphonate…
