Assessment and Designation of Breast Cancer Stage
Abstract Staging of breast cancer is critical for making treatment decisions as well as for prognosis. Staging systems have evolved over time, and most providers caring for patients with breast…
Breast Reconstruction and Oncoplastic Surgery
Abstract Just as the surgical management of breast cancer has evolved, so too has the field of breast surgery. Patient and surgeon expectations are no longer limited to recreating a…
The New Paradigm: Oncoplastic Breast Conservation Surgery
Abstract Standard breast preservation techniques often fail to achieve the desired goal of complete tumor extirpation with adequate margins while preserving breast cosmesis. The emergence of oncoplastic breast surgery addresses…
Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast
Abstract Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) exists as two main subtypes, classic and pleomorphic. While it may sometimes be an invasive cancer precursor, LCIS can be treated as a risk…
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast
Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse malignant potential and a range of treatment options. It is the most rapidly…
Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymphadenectomy for Breast Cancer
Abstract The surgical management of the axilla in early breast cancer has significantly evolved over the past several decades. This chapter details the history of sentinel node dissection, as well…
Breast Conservation Therapy for Invasive Breast Cancer
Abstract Breast conservation therapy is the complete removal of the breast cancer with a margin of normal tissue surrounding the tumor. This is usually followed by radiation therapy. The primary…
Therapeutic Value of Axillary Node Dissection and Selective Management of the Axilla in Small Breast Cancers
Abstract Controversy has long existed regarding the biological implications and surgical treatment of regional lymph node metastasis in invasive breast cancer. Several factors have resulted in a renewed evaluation of…
Halsted Radical Mastectomy
Abstract This chapter describes the evolution of breast cancer ideology, detection, and treatment, which resulted in advancement from the radical mastectomy to modern day breast conservation therapy. Radical mastectomy is…
Detection and Significance of Axillary Lymph Node Micrometastases
Abstract In determining breast cancer prognosis, axillary lymph node (ALN) status has been, to date, the single best prognostic factor. Despite this, the outcome for good-prognosis breast cancer is not…
