General Patient’s inability to access a radiotherapy centre Neurological/orthopaedic conditions (upper limb functional limitations, inability to keep still, etc.) Severe lung disease Severe cardiac disease for left-sided breast tumours Germline…
Fig. 33.1 a Skate flap marking up. b Flap raising: the bilateral dermal wings are thin peripherally and thicker at the base; the central body of the flap includes a substantial…
Fig. 22.1 Patient aged 80, submitted to quadrantectomy 17 years before because of an IDC, 10 mm, G2, ER+, PgR+, Her2−, Ki67 15% in the left breast. Breast cancer recurrence at MRI along…
Fig. 46.1 a–d A 40-year-old patient presented with a lump in a left lateral breast. Ultrasound a mammography b and core biopsy all suggested only a benign fibroadenoma. Excision biopsy…
Fig. 34.1 Affected range of motion of right shoulder after full axillary clearance Factors associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications include: Age Obesity Smoking Excessive use of alcohol or…
Fig. 51.1 MRI multiple cerebral breast cancer metastases. T1 plus gadolinium contrast scan shows several variable sized lesions in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem. The midbrain lesion (sagittal plane)…
Cancer Incidence (%) Post-mortem incidence of bone metastases in % [2] Multiple myeloma 100 100 Breast 47–85 73 Prostate 54–85 68 Thyroid 28–60 42 Bladder 42 Renal 33–40 35 Lung…
Fig. 1.1 The lactiferous ducts of a premenopausal breast lobe are filled with plastic. Blue colour indicates the ductal structure, while white colour indicates the TDLUs The nipple-areola complex (NAC) is…
Fig. 11.1 Radiographic microcalcifications from DCIS on mammography in a patient with a prior implant Fig. 11.2 Microcalcifications (irregular purple staining) in secretions (pink staining) in low grade DCIS 11.4.2 Ultrasound Some…
Fig. 29.1 Dual chamber expandable implant Fig. 29.2 Two textured surface implants, one with a round shape and the other an anatomic cohesive gel implant 29.3 Safety Issues and Complications 29.3.1 Safety:…
