Bacterial pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Nocardia species Salmonella species Listeria monocytogenes Campylobacter species Legionella species Capnocytophaga species Mycobacteria Fungal pathogens Aspergillus species Zygomycetes (Mucorales) Fusarium species Scedosporium…
L. monocytogenes a S. pneumoniae Staphylococcus spp. Pseudomonas spp. Gram-negative aerobic bacilli N. meningitidis Candida spp. b Aspergillus spp. Cryptococcus neoformans b Varicella zoster virusc Herpes simplex virusc Cytomegalovirus P….
Duration <1 week: moderate risk >1 week: high risk Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1,000/μL: moderate risk <100/μL: high risk However, the term neutropenia is frequently used in clinical practice as…
Fig. 5.1 Frequency of single-agent bacteremia in IATC-EORTC trials Since the turn of the twenty-first century, the reports emerged indicating that GNB have gained importance again but this time with…
Type of prophylaxis and clinical condition Recommendation and gradinga Antibacterial prophylaxis Patients with acute leukemia and adult SCT recipients after myeloablative therapy A fluoroquinolone with systemic activity including P. aeruginosa…
Variable (adults) Normal values Red blood cells count (/ml) Male 4.5–5.9 × 106 Female 3.5–5.0 × 106 Hematocrit (%) Male: 39–49 Female: 33–43 Blood hemoglobin level (Hb) Male: 13–17 g/dl Female: 13–15 g/dl Reticulocyte…
Adverse transfusion reactions 2007–2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2007–2012 Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) 195 52 70 47 364 Allergic transfusion reactions (ATR) 140 39 42 49 270 Circulatory overload…
Heavy metals Arsenic compounds, gold, mercurial diuretics Analgesics and NSAID Acid acetylsalicylic, aminopyrine, benoxaprofen, diclofenac, diflunisal, dipyrone, fenoprofen, indomethacin,ibuprofen,phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, tenoxicam, tolmetin Antipsychotics, sedatives, antidepressants Amoxapine, chlordiazepoxide, clozapine, diazepam,…
Causes Examples Physical stimuli Cold, heat, exercise, convulsions, pain Emotional stimuli Panic, rage, depression Germs Localized and systemic acute bacterial, rickettsial, and spirochetal infections Tissue inflammation/necrosis Trauma, burns, acute pancreatitis,…
Type Characteristic Mechanism Examples Type A Dose-dependent Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression Predictable Type B Dose-independent Nonimmune-mediated Primaquine-induced hemolytic anemia, metformin-induced megaloblastic anemia, methotrexate-induced megaloblastic anemia, clozapine-induced neutropenia Unpredictable Immune-mediated IgG-mediated cytotoxicity (type…
