The Metabolic Syndrome
FIGURE 44-1. The metabolic syndrome, current view. A combination of overnutrition, inactivity, and genetic factors interact to produce a state of metabolic dysregulation that leads to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and…
The Principles, Enzymes, and Pathways of Human Steroidogenesis
FIGURE 96-1. Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene steroid nucleus. Steroid rings are identified with boxed capital letters, and carbon atoms are numbered. Substituents and hydrogens are labeled as α or β if they are…
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
FIGURE 151-1. Distribution of C cells in the thyroid gland. A, Reconstruction of the distribution of C cells in the thyroid gland. The greatest concentration of C cells occurs at…
Gonadotropins—Regulation of Synthesis and Secretion
FIGURE 117-1. Schematic representation of the hormones and feedback control mechanisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Solid lines indicate established and dotted lines indicate putative regulatory pathways. Pos shows stimulatory and…
Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy
FIGURE 147-1. Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) as a function of gestational age. Each point gives the mean value (±1 standard deviation [SD]) of determinations performed…
Calcium Regulation, Calcium Homeostasis, and Genetic Disorders of Calcium Metabolism
FIGURE 60-1. Regulation of extracellular fluid (ECF) calcium (Ca2+) by parathyroid hormone (PTH) action on kidney, bone, and intestine. A decrease in ECF Ca2+ is sensed by the calcium-sensing receptor,…
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis may become clinically apparent in the postpartum period as the result of an exacerbation of the autoimmune process for reasons that are not yet clear. Typically, such…
Endocrine Rhythms, the Sleep-Wake Cycle, and Biological Clocks
FIGURE 11-1. Schematic representation of the central mechanisms involved in the control of temporal variations in pituitary hormone secretions over the 24-hour cycle. ACTH, Adrenocorticotropic hormone; ANS, autonomous nervous system;…
Genetic Basis of Gonadal and Genital Development
FIGURE 118-1. A, Embryology of the gonads. 1-2, Primordial germ cells are located in the wall of the yolk sac in early embryogenesis. 3, At about the fifth to sixth…
Clinical Management of Male Infertility
FIGURE 141-1. Clinical examination of the scrotum. Orchiometry The volume of the testis is determined by comparison with an orchiometer (normal: 15 to 35 mL).59 In the absence of varicoceles, the…
