Androgen Deficiency Disorders
FIGURE 139-1. A, An 18-year-old male with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Note the normal height, long arms and legs, poor muscular development, and prominent gynecomastia. Although his testes and phallus are…
Cushing’s Syndrome
The mechanism whereby the POMC gene becomes derepressed in noncorticotroph tumors is not understood. One hypothesis is that these cells are derived from a common multipotential progenitor cell capable of…
Female Subfertility: Evaluation and Management
FIGURE 131-1. Left panel, Cumulative conception rates during the first 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Right panel, Probability of a clinical pregnancy relative to the day of intercourse. Day 0…
Primary Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndromes and Hypertension
FIGURE 107-1. Schematic representation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in primary aldosteronism. Aldosterone secretion is increased independently of the renin-angiotensin system. Aldosterone increases sodium (Na+) reabsorption at the renal cortical collecting…
Carcinoid Syndrome
FIGURE 153-1. Schematic illustration of tryptophan metabolism in a neuroendocrine cell (enterochromaffin [EC]-cell). CLASSIFICATION Carcinoid tumors have been traditionally classified according to their embryonic origin into foregut, midgut, or hindgut…
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
FIGURE 62-1. Radiologic representation of osteitis fibrosa cystica in classic primary hyperparathyroidism. A, Salt-and-pepper skull. B, Cystic bone disease of the clavicle. C, Subperiosteal bone resorption of the digits. D,…
Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults
FIGURE 45-1. Cumulative incidence of further progression of retinopathy during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study in the former conventional therapy and intensive therapy cohorts from the…
Thyroid Neoplasia
FIGURE 89-1. Histologic pattern of various benign tumors of the thyroid. A, Embryonal adenoma. B, Fetal adenoma. Note the sharp margin, capsule, and tiny follicles. C, Follicular adenoma. D, Hyperplastic…
The Metabolic Syndrome
FIGURE 44-1. The metabolic syndrome, current view. A combination of overnutrition, inactivity, and genetic factors interact to produce a state of metabolic dysregulation that leads to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and…
The Principles, Enzymes, and Pathways of Human Steroidogenesis
FIGURE 96-1. Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene steroid nucleus. Steroid rings are identified with boxed capital letters, and carbon atoms are numbered. Substituents and hydrogens are labeled as α or β if they are…
