Hormonal Control of Breast Development
FIGURE 123-1. Mammary gland of human female at birth formed by several excretory ducts, ending in terminal ducts. A, Detail of the inset showing the club-shaped terminal end bud from…
Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology
FIGURE 145-1. Cartoon illustrating the cascade on transcription factor genes programming hypothalamic and pituitary embryogenesis and function. Most of this information was derived from genetic studies in mice. The list…
Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency
FIGURE 13-1. Standard mortality rates (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in individual studies on patients with nonmalignant pituitary diseases not associated with excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or growth hormone…
Pheochromocytoma
FIGURE 109-1. A, Anatomic distribution of extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue in the newborn. B, Locations of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas reported in the literature up to 1965. (From Coupland R: The Natural History…
Androgen Deficiency Disorders
FIGURE 139-1. A, An 18-year-old male with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Note the normal height, long arms and legs, poor muscular development, and prominent gynecomastia. Although his testes and phallus are…
Cushing’s Syndrome
The mechanism whereby the POMC gene becomes derepressed in noncorticotroph tumors is not understood. One hypothesis is that these cells are derived from a common multipotential progenitor cell capable of…
Female Subfertility: Evaluation and Management
FIGURE 131-1. Left panel, Cumulative conception rates during the first 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Right panel, Probability of a clinical pregnancy relative to the day of intercourse. Day 0…
Primary Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndromes and Hypertension
FIGURE 107-1. Schematic representation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in primary aldosteronism. Aldosterone secretion is increased independently of the renin-angiotensin system. Aldosterone increases sodium (Na+) reabsorption at the renal cortical collecting…
Carcinoid Syndrome
FIGURE 153-1. Schematic illustration of tryptophan metabolism in a neuroendocrine cell (enterochromaffin [EC]-cell). CLASSIFICATION Carcinoid tumors have been traditionally classified according to their embryonic origin into foregut, midgut, or hindgut…
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
FIGURE 62-1. Radiologic representation of osteitis fibrosa cystica in classic primary hyperparathyroidism. A, Salt-and-pepper skull. B, Cystic bone disease of the clavicle. C, Subperiosteal bone resorption of the digits. D,…
