Abstract Prognostic factors are quantifiable data that provide information regarding the expected outcome for patients with a particular disease prior to therapy. Importantly, though, these prognostic values provide information on…
Abstract Multiple studies provide estimates of the risk of breast cancer for women. Dense breasts on mammography or having first-degree relatives with breast cancer are associated with at least a…
Abstract This chapter provides the reader with an overview of the key milestones in the development of the current understanding and management of breast cancer. Although the milestones listed here…
Abstract This chapter presents a histopathologic classification of the wide variety of noncancerous lesions identified in the human female breast, stratified into categories that predict breast cancer risk in broad…
Abstract The mammary gland is composed of an epithelial system of ducts and lobuloalveolar secretory units embedded in a mesenchymally derived fat pad. The growth and morphogenesis of the epithelial…
Abstract Breast abscess is a common clinical problem. Management of these patients can be challenging and requires an understanding of pathophysiology and microbiology to achieve optimal outcomes. This chapter also…
Abstract Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of the male breast due to proliferation of the glandular component. This common clinical condition, which may be unilateral or bilateral, presents as an incidental…
Abstract This chapter outlines the anatomy, blood, and nerve supply of the mammary gland and its embryologic development and hormonal influences through the various stages of life as well as…
Abstract The aberrations of normal development and involution (ANDI) classification of benign breast disorder (BBD) provides an overall framework for benign conditions of the breast that encompasses both pathogenesis and…
The normal range for most hematologic parameters in infancy and childhood is different from that in adults. Dramatic changes occur during the first few weeks of life. The recognition of…
