Fig. 13.1 Effect of topical estrogen therapy : Both images are from 64-year old G2P2002 women who underwent 2 vaginal deliveries. (a) Patient discontinued estrogen therapy 5 years previously. (b)…
Time Cumulative mortality risk % Symptomatic Asymptomatic 1 year 10 6.2 2 year 18.8 13.1 3 year 27.1 19.8 4 year 36.3 27.9 Data from Jalbert JJ, Nguyen LL, Gerhard-Herman…
Fig. 15.1 Careful surgical positioning of the elderly patient is essential. (a) A patient with an ankle fracture is positioned with padding and safety straps. (b) Ecchymotic skin is frequently…
Cause Common causes in older adults: Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Renal vascular disease Chronic urinary obstruction Systemic vasculitis Multiple myeloma Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome Multifactorial etiology (e.g., renal vascular disease with chronic…
Fifteen-variable trauma-specific frailty index Comorbidities Cancer history Yes (1) No (0) PCI (0.5) Coronary heart disease MI (1) CABG (0.75) Medication (0.25) None (0) Dementia Severe (1) Moderate (0.5) Mild…
Fig. 10.1 (Left) The age-associated activation of inflammatory cells and decline in androgen hormones upset the balance between catabolic and anabolic stimuli, respectively, leading to a decline in muscle mass…
Drugs commonly implicated Drugs less commonly or rarely implicated Typical antipsychotic agents (e.g., chlorpromazine, promazine, haloperidol, trifluoperazine, sulpiride, flupentixol, pimozide, fluphenazine) Atypical antipsychotic agents (e.g., quetiapine, clozapine) Calcium channel agents…
Organ system Age-associated physiologic changes Implications Cardiovascular Decrease in maximal heart and ventricular compliance and increase in vascular stiffness Increase risk of heart failure during stress and increase risk of…
Step 1 Lifestyle modifications Smaller, more frequent meals Avoid chocolate, peppermint, acidic foods, or foods that stimulate acid production (caffeine-containing foods) Stop eating 3–4 h before going to bed Minimize…
Clinical Scenario HbA1c goals ADA and AGSa Comments Mrs. O. (Case 2) 67-year-old Hispanic patient Medical recently diagnosed T2D. Functional preserved functional status Mental: mild cognitive impairment (MCI) . Social:…
