Fig. 7.1 The algorithm for treatment strategies of esophageal carcinoma 7.3 Epidemiology and Current Status of Esophageal Carcinoma in Japan In Japan, the incidence rate of esophageal carcinoma has been…
Fig. 3.1 Bilateral accessory breast tissue in axillae Breast Hypoplasia This is the failure of one breast, or rarely two breasts, to develop normally and can be congenital or acquired….
Fig. 1.1 Milk line from the axilla to the groin The mammary ridge proliferates as a solid bud between the fifth and seventh week of gestation (Fig. 1.2). The mammary…
Fig. 19.1 Preoperative markings for a latissimus flap Procedure In cases of immediate reconstruction, after the mastectomy is complete, the reconstructive surgeon must ensure that the thoracodorsal vasculature is unharmed….
Fig. 35.1 Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). The proliferation on the lower side of this lesion has some features of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); however, the upper part of…
Travel distance data from Athas et al. [13]. Age data from Ballard-Barbash et al. [14] Changes in BCT The inconvenience of protracted BCT radiation schedules has led several investigators to…
Nonproliferative lesions Cysts Mild hyperplasia of the usual type Epithelial-related calcifications Fibroadenoma Papillary apocrine change Proliferative lesions without atypia Sclerosing adenosis Radial and complex sclerosing lesions Moderate and florid hyperplasia…
Fig. 17.1 Radical mastectomy defect It was not until the late 1960s that strong evidence became available to prove that a less deforming operation was able to deliver similar rates…
Borderline breast lesio(ns diagnosed on core needle biopsy Upgrade to malignancy Upgrade to malignancy Increase relative risk of breast ca DCIS (%) IDC (%) ADH [4–7] 30–40 20 4–6 Lobular…
ASBrS [17] ABS [18] Age ≥45 (IDC), ≥50 (DCIS) Age ≥50 Size ≤3 cm ≤3 cm Histology: IDC, DCIS All invasive subtypes and DCIS Negative microscopic margins Negative surgical margins…
