FLT1, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR1; RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp; RRM2, ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2. Gene Knockout Antisense Activation of proto-oncogenes such as Ras, B-Raf, Myc, or EGFR through various mechanisms is…
Figure 19-1 Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) can self-renew or differentiate into two multipotent progenitor cell types, myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, which further differentiate to give rise to all cells…
Figure 17-1 Major events in vascular development Some of the critical signaling molecules and receptors are shown corresponding to the cells or processes in which they are known to play…
Figure 18-2 The steps of tumor invasion Tumor invasion involves the loss of cell-cell adhesions (cadherins represented by green bars), alterations in cell-matrix adhesion (integrins represented by ovals), proteolysis of…
Figure 38-1 Examples of Gleason grade 3, 4, and 5 prostate cancer. Gleason grade 3 shows well-formed, separate glands (A). Gleason grade 4 shows merging or cribriform glands (B). Gleason…
Figure 9-1 Non–genetically engineered mouse models of cancer (A,B) Mice develop tumors spontaneously or in response to carcinogen exposure. (C,D) Transplantation of human or mouse tumor cells into recipient mice…
Molecular Biology of the Most Common Primary Central Nervous System Tumors Brain tumors are thought to arise as the result of genetic and epigenetic alterations that activate oncogenes and inactivate…
Figure 25-1 Solid tumors are systems within the human system The tumor system includes normal tissue/organ cells (pink), tumor cells usually containing a range of genetic alterations (yellow), and cancer…
Figure 35-1 Pancreatic epithelial neoplasia and the multistep model of exocrine pancreatic cancer. (From Maitra A, Adsay NV, Argani P, et al. Multicomponent analysis of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression model…
Figure 8-1 Model organisms (the budding yeast—Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the fruit fly—Drosophila melanogaster; and the zebrafish—Danio rerio) and their key attributes as models for dissecting the molecular basis of cancer. Forward…
