Environmental Carcinogenesis
Figure 7-1 Chemical structures of selected carcinogens. Causes of Cancer Epidemiology and Causal Criteria The landmark findings of Kennaway, Avery, Hershey, Chase, and others in the early part of the…
The Technology of Analyzing Nucleic Acids in Cancer
Figure 23-1 PCR and capillary sequencing of exons A generalized workflow is shown for the PCR-based amplification of specific exons in the human genome, their sequencing, and separation of the…
Heat Shock Protein 90 and the Proteasome
Figure 56-1 Hsp90 function is required for the establishment and maintenance of each of the eight hallmarks of cancer. Importantly, Hsp90 function is also critical for cancer cells to survive…
Hematopoietic Growth Factors and Cytokines
Figure 57-1 Actions of cytokine/growth factors binding to their receptors on the cell surface Cytokines and growth factors are the messengers that mediate intercellular communication. The regulation of cellular and…
Phase I Trials Today
Figure 48-1 The traditional “3 + 3” Phase I clinical trial design. The initial 3-patient cohort begins at a predefined dose. If no DLTs are observed, escalation to the next…
RNA as a Therapeutic Molecule
AML, Acute myeloid leukemia; BL, Burkitt’s lymphoma; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; ES, Ewing sarcoma. MicroRNAs were found to be involved in the pathophysiology of all…
Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancer
Figure 50-1 Structure of IgG. Currently, fully human antibodies are being produced using two common approaches: screening recombinant antibody libraries and engineering transgenic animals to express human immunoglobulin genes. A…
Molecular Basis of Lung Cancer
ATMBRAF BRD3CBLCTNNB1EGFR FBXW7 FGFR3GOPCKEAP1 KIAA0427KRASNF1 PIK3CA PPP2R1APTEN RB1 RBM10SETD2SMAD4 SMARCA4 STK11TP53 U2AF1 ANP32CAPCBCL11ABCL2L1BRAF CDK6CDKN2ACREBBPCSMD1DDR2EGFR EYSFAM123BFBXW7 FGFR1FOXP1HLA-AHRASKEAP1 MLL2MUC16NF1 NFE2L2NOTCH1PIK3CA PTEN RB1 RELSMAD4 SMARCA4 TNFAIP3TP53 TSC1VGLL4WHSC1L1WWOX ADCY1BCLAF1C17orf108CDYLCNTNAP2COL22A1COL4A2DIP2CELAVL2GRIK3GRM8KHSRPKIF21APLSCR4RASSF8RB1 RIMS2RUNX1T1SATB2TMEM132DTP53 ZDBF2 Genes in bold…
Natural and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Therapies
Figure 47-1 Mechanisms of cellular drug resistance. It is likely that the rate of development of drug-resistant mutants in a cancer varies depending on the nature of the genetic instability…
Molecular Mechanisms of Esophageal Cancer
Figure 31-1 The central Asian esophageal cancer belt extending from Iran to China. Modified from Kamangar F, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM, et al. Esophageal cancer in northeastern Iran: a review….
