Genetic Defects in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Action
In the remaining 15% of cases, the disease is caused by inborn errors in the molecular steps required for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, and generally it is characterized by…
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Mutations
FIGURE 91-1. Schematic representation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor. A, The locations of known activating mutations are indicated.B, The nature of the mutations is indicated along with their origins…
Ovulation Induction and Assisted Reproduction
FIGURE 133-1. Distribution of normogonadotrophic oligomenorrheic and amenorrheic infertile women who do or do not ovulate after clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment in incremental daily doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg…
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
RET STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The RET gene consists of over 20 exons spanning a minimum of 30 kilobases of genomic DNA. The protein product of the gene encodes a cell…
Male Contraception
FIGURE 142-1. Pooled summary of contraceptive efficacy from two World Health Organization male contraceptive efficacy studies,4,5 where contraceptive failure rate (pregnancy rate) is plotted against the current sperm concentration in…
Clinically Nonfunctioning Sellar Masses
FIGURE 16-1. Demonstration of clonality of pituitary adenomas. Southern blots from extracts of gonadotroph adenomas (c lanes) and peripheral leukocytes (d lanes) of five women who were heterozygous for the…
Glucocorticoid Action: Physiology
FIGURE 97-1. Outline of regulation and actions of glucocorticoids. See text for details. Normal glucocorticoid levels are regulated in a range and time course that reflect varying physiologic needs as…
The Pineal Gland and Melatonin
Figure 22-1. Anatomic relationship among the pineal gland, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. The pineal gland also receives parasympathetic and peptidergic innervation originating in the hypothalamus, mesolimbic system, and visual structures….
The Endocrinology of Sexual Behavior and Gender Identity
Chapter 124 The Endocrinology of Sexual Behavior and Gender Identity Louis J. Gooren Prenatal, Postnatal, and Childhood Years Sexual Differentiation Brain Sexual Differentiation Disorders of Sexual Differentiation Complete Androgen Insensitivity…
