Microbiological Background
Fig. 5.1 Frequency of single-agent bacteremia in IATC-EORTC trials Since the turn of the twenty-first century, the reports emerged indicating that GNB have gained importance again but this time with…
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Hematology
Type of prophylaxis and clinical condition Recommendation and gradinga Antibacterial prophylaxis Patients with acute leukemia and adult SCT recipients after myeloablative therapy A fluoroquinolone with systemic activity including P. aeruginosa…
Anemia in the Critically Ill Patient
Variable (adults) Normal values Red blood cells count (/ml) Male 4.5–5.9 × 106 Female 3.5–5.0 × 106 Hematocrit (%) Male: 39–49 Female: 33–43 Blood hemoglobin level (Hb) Male: 13–17 g/dl Female: 13–15 g/dl Reticulocyte…
Adverse Transfusion Reactions in Critically Ill Patients
Adverse transfusion reactions 2007–2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 2007–2012 Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) 195 52 70 47 364 Allergic transfusion reactions (ATR) 140 39 42 49 270 Circulatory overload…
Leukopenia in the Critically Ill Patient
Heavy metals Arsenic compounds, gold, mercurial diuretics Analgesics and NSAID Acid acetylsalicylic, aminopyrine, benoxaprofen, diclofenac, diflunisal, dipyrone, fenoprofen, indomethacin,ibuprofen,phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, tenoxicam, tolmetin Antipsychotics, sedatives, antidepressants Amoxapine, chlordiazepoxide, clozapine, diazepam,…
Leukocytosis in the Critically Ill Patient
Causes Examples Physical stimuli Cold, heat, exercise, convulsions, pain Emotional stimuli Panic, rage, depression Germs Localized and systemic acute bacterial, rickettsial, and spirochetal infections Tissue inflammation/necrosis Trauma, burns, acute pancreatitis,…
Drugs and Blood Cells
Type Characteristic Mechanism Examples Type A Dose-dependent Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression Predictable Type B Dose-independent Nonimmune-mediated Primaquine-induced hemolytic anemia, metformin-induced megaloblastic anemia, methotrexate-induced megaloblastic anemia, clozapine-induced neutropenia Unpredictable Immune-mediated IgG-mediated cytotoxicity (type…
Introduction
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2015Giorgio Berlot and Gabriele Pozzato (eds.)Hematologic Problems in the Critically Ill10.1007/978-88-470-5301-4_1 1. Introduction Giorgio Berlot1 and Gabriele Pozzato2 (1) Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Trieste, University Hospital, Trieste, Italy (2) Haematology, University of…
The Critically Ill Patient with Abnormal Platelet Count
Fig. 6.1 Diagnostic algorithm based on blood smear (Adapted from Stasi [3]) “True” thrombocytopenia, to a variable degree, affects all types of ICU patients in all parts of the world;…
