DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF SYMPATHETIC NEURAL ACTIVITY Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ Microneurography can measure sympathetic neural activity from the rate…
CIRCULATING CATECHOLAMINES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE SYMPATHONEURAL AND ADRENOMEDULLARY SYSTEMS Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ Much of the catecholamine content…
EFFECTS OF CATECHOLAMINES Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ CIRCULATION Cardiovascular function, both at rest and during stress, unquestionably depends on…
ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ Specific receptors for catecholamines exist in several tissues, including muscle (skeletal, myocardial, vascular,…
PRESYNAPTIC MODULATION Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ NE can regulate its own release, by stimulating presynaptic, inhibitory α2-adrenergic receptors.18,19 Other…
CATECHOLAMINE REMOVAL Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ The most prominent removal mechanism for released NE is reuptake into the presynaptic…
CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ ACh depolarizes chromaffin cells by increasing membrane permeability to sodium. Transmembrane influx of…
CATECHOLAMINE SYNTHESIS Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ The catecholamines contain a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus (Fig. 85-2). Intracellular events in NE…
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ Sympathetic preganglionic axons originate from cell bodies in the intermediolateral cell columns of…
EMBRYOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 85 – PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA AND THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM“ The chromaffin tissue of the adrenal medulla and that of the ganglia of the…
