PRESYNAPTIC MODULATION
NE can regulate its own release, by stimulating presynaptic, inhibitory α2-adrenergic receptors.18,19 Other inhibitors of NE release that appear to act presynaptically include ACh,20 DA, prostaglandins of the E series,21 histamine, and purines. Stimulatory modulators include angiotensin II22 and EPI, the latter of which appears to stimulate presynaptic β2-adrenergic receptors. Substantial clinical evidence supports modulation of NE release by α2-adrenoceptors.23 The roles of the other endogenous compounds remain less well established.
![](https://freepngimg.com/download/social_media/63059-media-icons-telegram-twitter-blog-computer-social.png)
Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
![](https://clinicalpub.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/256.png)
Full access? Get Clinical Tree
![](https://videdental.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/appstore.png)
![](https://videdental.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/google-play.png)