Clinical and Pathologic Prognostic and Predictive Factors Frederick L. Moffat Prognostic and predictive factors and biomarkers are critical to clinical decision-making in oncology. A 1991 NIH Consensus Conference (1) stipulated…
Pathology of Invasive Breast Cancer Deborah Dillon Anthony J. Guidi Stuart J. Schnitt Invasive breast cancers constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions that differ with regard to their clinical presentation,…
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing for Prognosis and Prediction Mitchell Dowsett William Miller BACKGROUND The major actions of steroid hormones are mediated through specific receptors that bind hormones with high…
Genomic Events in Breast Cancer Progression Rodrigo Goncalves Burcu Cakar Ron Bose Cynthia X. Ma Matthew J. Ellis INTRODUCTION Breast cancers are thought usually to develop from regions of cellular…
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Microinvasive Carcinoma Kimberly J. Van Zee Julia White Monica Morrow Jay R. Harris INTRODUCTION Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is…
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Other Intraductal Lesions: Pathology, Immunohistochemistry, and Molecular Alterations Adriana D. Corben Edi Brogi Intraductal proliferative lesions are epithelial proliferations confined to the mammary ductal-lobular system….
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ: Biology and Management Tari A. King Jorge S. Reis-Filho Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) are relatively uncommon breast lesions, which are…
Chemoprevention Michelle I. Savage Powel H. Brown INTRODUCTION Breast cancers represent the highest proportion of noncutaneous cancer in women in the United States. Current estimates predict more than 226,000 diagnoses…
Nongenetic Factors in the Causation of Breast Cancer Walter C. Willett Rulla Tamimi Susan E. Hankinson Aditi Hazra A. Heather Eliassen Graham A. Colditz Breast cancer has an enormous impact…
Management of Other High Risk Patients Seema A. Khan INTRODUCTION Breast cancer risk can be attributed to three major sources: increasing age, lifetime estrogen exposure (endogenous and exogenous), and genetic…
