Thyroxine Therapy for Thyroid Nodules
Study Study design Number of subjects % Response treatment group % Response in placebo group Significance Gharib et al. (1987) Prospective randomized double blind 53 14 20 NS Reverter et…
Laboratory Evaluation for Thyroid Nodules
Fig. 3.1 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates thyrotropin-secreting hormone (TSH); TSH secretion by the pituitary gland stimulates thyroid hormone production. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine…
Molecular Markers and Thyroid Nodule Evaluation
Fig. 8.1 Management of a thyroid nodule based on fine needle aspiration biopsy results. (a) Historical management decisions for thyroid nodules: fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy provides a thyroid tissue…
Epidemiology of Thyroid Nodules
Investigation Number of subjects Age (years) Iodine deficient Prevalence (%) Country Laurberg et al. (1998) [4] 423 100 68 66–70 Yes No 12 (female) 2 (female) Denmark Laurberg et al….
Description and Classification of Thyroid Cytology
Fig. 7.1 Benign macrofollicular cluster with uniform, evenly spaced nuclei Fig. 7.2 Benign macrofollicular clusters and pools of colloid from a benign thyroid nodule aspirate Fig. 7.3 Mixture of histiocytes…
Imaging for Thyroid Nodules
Fig. 5.1 Simple thyroid cyst Fig. 5.2 Colloid cystic nodule Another pattern to recognize as a benign nodule is the “spongiform nodule” also described in the literature as honeycomb or…
Nuclear Medicine in Evaluation and Therapy of Nodular Thyroid
Radionuclide Half-life Main emission Radiopharmaceutical Clinical use or relevance to thyroid nodules 123I 13 h Gamma [123I] NaI Scintigraphy and iodine uptake 124I 4 d Gamma and positron [124I] NaI…
Thyroid Nodules in Children
Syndrome Gene Chromosomal location Inheritance Type of cancer Other features Isolated FMTC [151] RET 10q11.2 AD MTC MEN2A [151] RET 10q11.2 AD MTC Pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism MEN2B [151] RET 10q11.2 AD…
Thyroid Incidentalomas
Fig. 11.1 Incidentally discovered thyroid nodule of the right thyroid gland during carotid Doppler ultrasonography Older studies report that neck US detects incidentalomas with a prevalence of 10–30% [23–25]. However,…
Minimally Invasive Treatments for Thyroid Nodules
Fig. 13.1 Percutaneous ethanol injection. (a) US scan of the left thyroid lobe. The presence of a large thyroid cyst, relapsing after a former percutaneous drainage. Benign cytology. (b) Thyroid…
