Interferons

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on Interferons

html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 53 Interferons Ernest C. Borden ∗ Introduction Interferons (IFNs) comprise a family of secreted α-helical cytokines induced in response to specific extracellular biomolecules through stimulation of Toll-like receptors…

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Pharmacogenomics

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on Pharmacogenomics

html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 49 Pharmacogenomics Peter H. O’Donnell and Mark J. Ratain Introduction The term pharmacogenetics is believed to have first been used in 1959 by Vogel who defined it as…

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Cell Growth

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on Cell Growth

Unlike tumor cells with PTEN loss, tumor cells that have lost TSC function are generally less belligerent. It is now accepted that this is due to negative feedback loops that…

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The Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on The Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer

This table is not comprehensive, but provides an example of breast cancer multiplexed gene tests that are currently in development or have been commercialized. The type of sample, number of…

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Protein Biomarkers for Detecting Cancer

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on Protein Biomarkers for Detecting Cancer

html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 22 Protein Biomarkers for Detecting Cancer Molecular Screening Susan Fisher and H. Ewa Witkowska No matter how many mistakes you make or how slow you progress, you are…

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Biomarkers for Assessing Risk of Cancer

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on Biomarkers for Assessing Risk of Cancer

Figure 21-1 Biomarkers in cancer etiology Biomarkers in cancer etiologic studies can be classified into three broad categories: biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of effect, and biomarkers of susceptibility. Biomarkers of…

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Cancer Stem Cells and the Microenvironment

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on Cancer Stem Cells and the Microenvironment

Figure 10-1 The tumor microenvironment Elevated levels of cytokines/growth factors produced by tumor cells enhance the proliferation and survival of cancer stem cells, induce angiogenesis, and recruit tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils,…

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Infectious Agents and Cancer

Feb 15, 2017 by in ONCOLOGY Comments Off on Infectious Agents and Cancer

html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 6 Infectious Agents and Cancer Peter M. Howley Overview of Cancer and Infectious Agents Infectious agents are second only to tobacco use as a potentially preventable cause of…

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