html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 53 Interferons Ernest C. Borden ∗ Introduction Interferons (IFNs) comprise a family of secreted α-helical cytokines induced in response to specific extracellular biomolecules through stimulation of Toll-like receptors…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 49 Pharmacogenomics Peter H. O’Donnell and Mark J. Ratain Introduction The term pharmacogenetics is believed to have first been used in 1959 by Vogel who defined it as…
This table is not comprehensive, but provides an example of breast cancer multiplexed gene tests that are currently in development or have been commercialized. The type of sample, number of…
Unlike tumor cells with PTEN loss, tumor cells that have lost TSC function are generally less belligerent. It is now accepted that this is due to negative feedback loops that…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 22 Protein Biomarkers for Detecting Cancer Molecular Screening Susan Fisher and H. Ewa Witkowska No matter how many mistakes you make or how slow you progress, you are…
Figure 21-1 Biomarkers in cancer etiology Biomarkers in cancer etiologic studies can be classified into three broad categories: biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of effect, and biomarkers of susceptibility. Biomarkers of…
Figure 16-1 A historical perspective on the role of the microenvironment in cancer A timeline detailing landmark discoveries that showed the dominance of microenvironment over genotype. If space had permitted,…
Figure 10-1 The tumor microenvironment Elevated levels of cytokines/growth factors produced by tumor cells enhance the proliferation and survival of cancer stem cells, induce angiogenesis, and recruit tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils,…
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 6 Infectious Agents and Cancer Peter M. Howley Overview of Cancer and Infectious Agents Infectious agents are second only to tobacco use as a potentially preventable cause of…
