Oncohema Key

Fig. 5.1 RCC and AML as visualized using gray-scale ultrasonography. (a) Isoechoic lesion relative to the renal parenchyma (arrows). This lesion was surgically resected and diagnosed as an RCC. (b)…

Fig. 4.1 Gross findings of ccRCC. The tumor is whitish yellow and well circumscribed, in which degeneration and hemorrhage are observed Fig. 4.2 Microscopic findings of ccRCC. Low-grade ccRCC has…

Syndrome Gene Chromosome location Mutation rate in sporadic RCC Prevalence % de novo Renal tumor histology Multiple/solitary Penetrance of RCC Age (years) at RCC diagnosis Extrarenal manifestations VHL disease VHL…

Fig. 6.1 Treatment algorithm for nonmetastatic patients with RCC 6.2.1 Stage 1 6.2.1.1 Surgical Therapy Surgical therapy remains the mainstream treatment for patients with stage 1 RCC because the resection…

Drug Factor influencing PK PK/PD relationship PK parameter PD (efficacy, toxicity) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Sorafenib  C trough PFS Skin toxicity Hand-foot reaction Hypertension [3] AUCcum Any grade ≥ 3 toxicity…

Agent n Phase References Proleukin (IL-2) 255 Phase II Fyfe G. et al. [19] IFN-α 350 Meta-analysis Medical Research (vs medroxyprogesterone acetate) Council Renal Cancer Collaborators [22] IFN-α+ VLB 160…

Fig. 3.1 Molecular characterization of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma PBRM1 3.2.2 Mutations of Chromatin Enzymes The importance of chromatin dynamics and its dysregulation in tumorigenesis is increasingly appreciated since the…

Continents Incidence Mortality North America    Male 15.5 3.7  Female 8.3 1.6  Both 11.7 2.6 Europe    Male 12.3 4.8  Female 5.9 1.9  Both 8.8 3.1 Oceania    Male 11.0 2.8  Female 5.3…

Agent Molecular targets Phase (comparator) Patient population Clinical activity in RCC References Tivozanib (AV-951) VEGFR-1, 2, 3 Phase III (TIVO-1) (vs. sorafenib) Clear cell RCC PFS (11.9 vs. 9.1 mo)…