COMPLICATIONS
COMPLICATIONS Part of “CHAPTER 43 – ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY“ Related posts: CONTRASEXUAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IDIOPATHIC OR CYCLIC EDEMA ALOPECIA EFFECTS ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY CALCIUM BALANCE DURING PREGNANCY PREVALENCE OF ERECTILE…
CLINICAL COURSE
CLINICAL COURSE Part of “CHAPTER 43 – ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY“ Retraction of the upper eyelids is the most important clinical clue and produces a triad that is nearly pathognomonic of endocrine…
DEFINITION
DEFINITION Part of “CHAPTER 43 – ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY“ Endocrine ophthalmopathy is a complex orbital disease of unknown cause characterized by round-cell infiltration, edema, and proliferation of connective tissue. These changes…
ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY
ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY Melvin G. Alper Leonard Wartofsky DEFINITION ETIOLOGY PATHOLOGY Related posts: EVALUATION PROTOCOL FOR PATIENTS WITH NEPHROLITHIASIS CORTICOTROPIN-DEPENDENT CUSHING SYNDROME ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS PRESYNAPTIC MODULATION CONTRASEXUAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IDIOPATHIC OR…
GRAVES DISEASE IN SPECIAL SITUATIONS
GRAVES DISEASE IN SPECIAL SITUATIONS Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ PREGNANCY AND GRAVES DISEASE The diagnosis of thyrotoxic Graves disease in a pregnant patient is especially difficult, because euthyroid…
TREATMENT OF GRAVES DISEASE
TREATMENT OF GRAVES DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ The three major modalities of treatment for a thyrotoxic patient with Graves disease are antithyroid medications, 131I, and thyroidectomy. ANTITHYROID…
NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAVES DISEASE
NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAVES DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of Graves disease is progressing rapidly, we still cannot accurately predict the natural…
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ GRAVES DISEASE Graves disease occurs most frequently in young women (˜5:1 female to male ratio) but is not uncommon in…
