Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure Prolonged QT interval at ECG Cardiomyopathy Neuromuscular inability Chvostek’s and Trusseau’s sign Paresthesia Muscle cramps and paresthesia Laryngeal and bronchial spasms Tetany Seizures Tremor Neurological signs…
Some diseases, such as myeloma with hypergammaglobulinemia or hyper-albuminemia due to severe dehydration, can cause an elevation in the serum total calcium level without any rise in serum ionized calcium…
Fig. 11.1 Algorithm for surgical treatment in patients with/without contraindication to imaging studies other than ultrasound (see text). BNE, bilateral neck exploration; CT, computed tomography; ioPTH, intraoperative parathyroid hormone; MIBI,…
Fig. 10.1 a A case of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma (hematoxilin and eosin, original magnification 40×). b Negative for thyroglobulin (immunoperoxidase, original magnification 40×). c Positive for chromogranin A and GATA-3…
If a reliable measurement of ionized serum calcium (iCa) is available, this measurement may be useful especially in selected patients (with hyper- or hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, Waldenström macroglobulinemia and myeloma); moreover,…
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2016Guido Gasparri, Nicola Palestini and Michele Camandona (eds.)Primary, Secondary and Tertiary HyperparathyroidismUpdates in Surgery10.1007/978-88-470-5758-6_8 8. Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Michele Camandona1 (1) Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Michele Camandona…
A Strongly recommend B Recommend C No recommendation D Recommend against I Insufficient evidence Disease Primary hyperparathyroidism • Secondary hyperparathyroidism • Reoperative hyperparathyroidism • MEN1 • Parathyroid carcinoma •…
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2016Guido Gasparri, Nicola Palestini and Michele Camandona (eds.)Primary, Secondary and Tertiary HyperparathyroidismUpdates in Surgery10.1007/978-88-470-5758-6_3 3. Parathyroid Hormone Secretion and Action Giancarlo Isaia1 , Lorenzo Marchese, Margherita Marchetti, Patrizia D’Amelio and Giorgia Fornelli (1) Department of Medical Sciences, University of…
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2016Guido Gasparri, Nicola Palestini and Michele Camandona (eds.)Primary, Secondary and Tertiary HyperparathyroidismUpdates in Surgery10.1007/978-88-470-5758-6_1 1. History of Parathyroids Guido Gasparri1 , Michele Camandona and Nicola Palestini (1) Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy …
