Biosynthesis, Processing, and Secretion of the Islet Hormones: Insulin, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (Amylin), Glucagon, Somatostatin, and Pancreatic Polypeptide

Jan 16, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Biosynthesis, Processing, and Secretion of the Islet Hormones: Insulin, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (Amylin), Glucagon, Somatostatin, and Pancreatic Polypeptide

FIGURE 32-1 Amino acid sequence of human and hagfish insulins, with substitutions occurring at each position in 70 other known vertebrate insulins shown below for comparison. Invariant residues are enclosed…

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Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Jan 16, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Management of young children with diabetes, especially those younger than 5 years old, must balance opposing risks of hypoglycemia (see section on Hypoglycemia below) and future vascular complications. The relative…

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Thyroid Imaging

Jan 16, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Thyroid Imaging

Technetium-99m (99mTc) in the form of pertechnetate is trapped by the thyroid gland and other sites that concentrate iodide (salivary glands, gastric mucosa), but it is not organified in the…

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Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy, and Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia: Disorders Caused by Inactivating GNAS Mutations

Jan 16, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy, and Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia: Disorders Caused by Inactivating GNAS Mutations

FIGURE 65-1. Urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion in response to an infusion of bovine parathyroid extract (300 USP units). The peak response in normal subjects () and those with…

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Surgical Management of Hyperparathyroidism

Jan 16, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Surgical Management of Hyperparathyroidism

FIGURE 64-1. Flow diagram for localization strategy in previously unoperated patients. US, Ultrasound. FIGURE 64-2. A, Sestamibi scan showing uptake in thyroid as well as parathyroid tissue. B, Thyroid uptake…

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Hormonal Control of Breast Development

Jan 16, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Hormonal Control of Breast Development

FIGURE 123-1. Mammary gland of human female at birth formed by several excretory ducts, ending in terminal ducts. A, Detail of the inset showing the club-shaped terminal end bud from…

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