Epidemiologic Methods
Epidemiologic Methods Xiaomei Ma Herbert Yu INTRODUCTION Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study…
Obesity and Physical Activity
Obesity and Physical Activity Yani Lu Jessica Clague Leslie Bernstein INTRODUCTION Evidence showing that physical activity is associated with decreased cancer risk and that obesity is associated with increased cancer…
Dietary Factors
Dietary Factors Karin B. Michels Walter C. Willett INTRODUCTION Over two decades ago, Doll and Peto1 speculated that 35% (range: 10% to 70%) of all cancer deaths in the United…
Physical Factors
Physical Factors Mats Ljungman INTRODUCTION Ionizing radiation (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light have challenged the genetic integrity of all living organisms throughout time. By inducing DNA damage and subsequent mutations,…
Chemical Factors
Chemical Factors Stuart H. Yuspa Peter G. Shields INTRODUCTION As early as the 1800s, initial observations of unusual cancer incidences in occupational groups provided the first indications that chemicals were…
Inflammation
Inflammation Sahdeo Prasad Bharat B. Aggarwal INTRODUCTION Extensive research over the last half a century indicates that inflammation plays an important role in cancer. Although acute inflammation can play a…
Oncogenic Viruses
Oncogenic Viruses Christopher B. Buck Lee Ratner PRINCIPLES OF TUMOR VIROLOGY Viral infections are estimated to play a causal role in at least 11% of all new cancer diagnoses worldwide.1…
Molecular Methods in Cancer
Molecular Methods in Cancer Larissa V. Furtado Jay L. Hess Bryan L. Betz APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS IN ONCOLOGY Molecular diagnostics is increasingly impacting a number of areas of cancer…
Hallmarks of Cancer: An Organizing Principle for Cancer Medicine
Hallmarks of Cancer: An Organizing Principle for Cancer Medicine Douglas Hanahan Robert A. Weinberg INTRODUCTION The hallmarks of cancer comprise eight biologic capabilities acquired by incipient cancer cells during the…
