Balanced immunosuppression is essential to ensure acceptance of a solid organ transplant and an overall successful patient outcome. The fundamental purpose of immunosuppression is to modulate the immune system’s ability…
Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies, accounting for approximately 234,000 new cases and 160,000 deaths per year in the United States. Treatment for lung cancer depends…
Recommended breast cancer proton therapy indications Indications 1) Accelerated partial breast irradiation ■ The safety and efficacy of proton partial breast irradiation (PBI) is established for early-stage breast cancer. Proton…
Introduction Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) technology has revolutionized the practice of particle therapy in recent years. , In PBS delivery, a particle pencil beam is…
Introduction Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is responsible for 400,000 new cases (4.9% of all cancers) cancer deaths annually. The incidence of…
Introduction Proton beam radiation (PBR) has the potential to improve the therapeutic ratio in the treatment of several gastrointestinal malignancies by decreasing the dose to nontarget critical structures. In general,…
Introduction Sarcomas are a rare and heterogenous group of malignant tumors that arise from soft tissues or bone. They constitute less than 1% of all adult malignancies and approximately 12%…
Introduction Approximately 10,500 cases of childhood cancer are diagnosed each year, which represent about 1% of all new cancers in the United States. Nearly 45% of these cancers will either…
Introduction As early as the 1970s, proton therapy was considered a promising treatment for hematologic malignancies, specifically for use in total nodal irradiation, the historic standard of care treatment for…
Introduction Radiation therapy, whether used as definitive treatment or as an adjuvant to surgery, is an essential component of treatment for many patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Both…
