Conventional–dose chemotherapy (CDCT) VIP Cisplatin 20 mg/m2 Days 1–5 4 cycles Ifosfamide 1.2 g/m2 Days 1–5 Etoposide 75 mg/m2 Days 1–5 TIP Cisplatin 20 mg/m2 Days 1–5 4 cycles Ifosfamide…
Treatment Alla LVI + LVI − Surveillanceb BEP × 1c Surveillanceb BEP × 1c Surveillanceb BEP × 1c Number of patients 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Relapses 250 21 500 32 150 16 Total number…
Criteria for intermediate-risk patients by IGCCCG criteria Status Seminoma Nonseminoma Intermediate risk Nonpulmonary visceral metastases present AFP 1,000–10,000 ng/mL Any hCG hCG 5,000–50,000 mU/mL Any LDH LDH 3–10.0 upper limit…
Chemotherapy Classification system Number of patients Favourable response rates (%) Progression-free survival (%) Conclusion First author BEP × 4 Indiana University 159 73 61 Double-dose cisplatin not superior and more toxic Nichols…
Treatment option USA (N:261)a (%) Europe (N:969) (%) RAD Chemotherapy Surveillance Several options 62b 3b 21b 19 21 18 42 Vossen et al. [32] Arvold et al. [31] aCompliance rate,…
Rectum Sigmoid and left colon Transverse colon Right colon Ileum Deep ulceration (12 if present, 0 if absent) 0+ 0+ 12+ 12+ / Superficial ulceration (6 if present, 0…
Fig. 11.1 Erosion on the surface and lymphoid aggregates that mainly composed of mixed inflammatory cells, cryptitis, and crypt abscesses within the lamina propria are seen in inflammatory polyp (HE…
Fig. 12.1 Sessile polyps look like “bowler hats” (arrow) Fig. 12.2 Pedunculated polyp look like “Mexican hat” (arrows) When the villous change occurs in the tubular adenomatous polyps, the mucosal…
Low risk <1 % Moderate risk 1–5 % High risk >5 % Endoscopy procedures Breast Dental Endocrine Eye Gynaecology Reconstructive Orthopaedic – minor (knee surgery) Urologic – minor Abdominal Carotid…
Morphology: flat, hard to see, sessile > 15 mm, laterally spreading, villous, unsmooth surface, short and thick pedicle Diameter: <1.5 cm, or > 3 cm Multiplicity (>3) Localization: right colon or cecum, ileocecal valve,…
