Surgery Transthoracic Esophagectomy
Fig. 8.1 The status of lymph node metastases according to the location of the primary tumor as reported by Ando et al. [7] The concept of extensive three-field lymph node…
ONCOLOGY
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy
Fig. 11.1 Preoperative vs. postoperative radiotherapy. Survival rate in the postoperative radiotherapy-alone group (B) was significantly better than that in the pre- plus postoperative radiotherapy group (A) 11.2.1.2 Postoperative Chemotherapy…
Hong Kong Experience
Fig. 15.1 Investigation algorithm for esophageal cancer at The University of Hong Kong 15.2.1 Staging Clinical staging follows the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging (AJCC) TNM classification system. In…
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus: The Indian Experience
Modality Clinical utility Overall accuracy (%) Computed tomography (chest, abdomen) Invasion of local structures (airways, aorta) ≥90 Metastatic disease ≥90 Endoscopy Local tumour (T) staging (operator dependent) 80–90 Endoscopic Ultrasonography…
Surgery: Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
Fig. 9.1 Placement of thoracic ports. Five ports with a small thoracotomy (4–5 cm) were introduced onto the thoracic wall. ICS intercostal space, A anterior axillary line, M middle axillary line,…
Chemotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy
Agent Histology and number of pts Treatment line Regimen Response (%) PFS (m) MST (m) References Bleomycin SCC 29 First NA 14 NA NA [2] Bleomycin SCC + AC 20 First NA…
Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment in Japan
Fig. 7.1 The algorithm for treatment strategies of esophageal carcinoma 7.3 Epidemiology and Current Status of Esophageal Carcinoma in Japan In Japan, the incidence rate of esophageal carcinoma has been…
Management of Benign Breast Disease
Fig. 3.1 Bilateral accessory breast tissue in axillae Breast Hypoplasia This is the failure of one breast, or rarely two breasts, to develop normally and can be congenital or acquired….
Anatomy of the Breast, Axilla, and Chest Wall
Fig. 1.1 Milk line from the axilla to the groin The mammary ridge proliferates as a solid bud between the fifth and seventh week of gestation (Fig. 1.2). The mammary…
Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Fig. 19.1 Preoperative markings for a latissimus flap Procedure In cases of immediate reconstruction, after the mastectomy is complete, the reconstructive surgeon must ensure that the thoracodorsal vasculature is unharmed….
