Surgeon(s) Year of procedure or publication Operative accomplishment Pean 1879 Unsuccessful pyloric resection Rydygier 1880 Unsuccessful pyloric resection Billroth 1881 First successful pyloric resection (Billroth I) Kocher 1893 Posterior gastroduodenostomy…

Fig. 18.1 OR setup. The patient is in left lateral position. The robot is docked from the dorsocranial side Fig. 18.2 Port position. Robotic arms 1 (yellow), 2 (green) and…

Fig. 10.1 Port placement for a laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy To start, the left lobe of the liver is retracted and the lesser omentum is incised and entered. The fascia covering…

Fig. 14.1 Surgical plan for resection and reconstruction using the right colon to restore esophageal continuity (From Nguyen et al. [7] with permission) Abdominal Phase The patient is positioned supine…

Author Year Lap Open Adequacy of resection Results for lap group Survival Kitano et al. [11] 2002 14a 14 Identical Less EBL and pain, earlier recovery of bowel function na…

Indications (low risk) High risk Unifocal (limited or focal), flat HGD Multifocal HGD, HGD with nodules Type I, IIa < 2 cm, IIb, IIc < 1 cm Type I, II > 3 cm, type III Well-…

Fig. 6.1 Precursor lesion of intestinal type gastric cancer – dysplasia. (a) Low-grade dysplasia. Pseudostratification of nuclei. Nuclei are elongated and mostly basally orientated. Few mitotic figures. (b) High-grade dysplasia….

Step Action 1 Insert endoscope 2 Dilate to 16 m with balloon dilator, if necessary 3 Place hemoclip 2 cm at planned distal end of stent 4 Insert wire and…

Fig. 16.1 Arrangement of ports in thoracoscopic approach. AAL anterior axillary line, MAL midaxillary line, PAL posterior axillary line Fig. 16.2 The esophageal tumor is pushed away from the esophageal…

Treatment arms Primary end point Secondary end points MAGIC [3] Surgery alone Epirubicin 50 mg/m2 day 1 5-year OS 5-year PFS Cisplatin 60 mg/m2 day 1 HR 0.75 HR 0.66…